A professor of a U.S. university makes unsubstantiated claims about the rights of women in Islam, then resorts to personal attacks when asked for proof.
Dr. Ahmad’s reply was not at all a reply to my queries on his unsubstantiated and untrue claims about the rights of women in Islam. Dr. Sultan Ahmad has not responded to my questions to the point at all; he was simply beating around the bush, leaving my questions unaddressed. Like most fanatical Islamists (who usually will claim some untrue goodies in Islam to fool the readers), who do not have any clue to defend their non-existent claims/lies about Islam will jump on his critic and start personal attacks instead of answering the questions asked by the critic. Dr. Ahmad is not an exception and I am not surprised at all. When these Islamists hypocritically lie profusely about Islamic goodies, but can not defend them when challenged, the only thing they do is attack the critic personally with incoherent and ludicrous arguments. His tirades have been targeted on my person, leaving my all queries totally unanswered. Hence, I will not respond to his unnecessary personal attacks, which deserve no response from me, because I don’t need to stoop low like Dr. Ahmad. Readers can read his jargonized tirades here: http://newsfrombangladesh.net/view.php?hidRecord=342461
However, I will respond to some selective issues in which Dr. Ahmad has deliberately lied big-time. He also blamed me for the crime I never committed. Below is my response with all the pertinent references to substantiate my claims about Islam.
Dr. Ahmad said: “Reply: I have given partial answer above. No country in the present world is run by Islamic laws; moreover Islamic laws are always pure. No country in the World is practicing Islamic law. You were lying about the countries mentioned above. Yes, to Ex-Muslims bigots, worldly laws are the best.”
This is really very funny! If this is the case that after 1400 years, Islamic Allah could not have established just one “Islamic state” on the planet of Earth, then why you are even talking about any so-called Islamic rights of women? Where could you show any sample of your hypothetical claims on earth? Are you not ashamed that after 1400 years, you can not show just one country of your imaginary Islamic paradise?
Readers can learn that Saudi Arabia (SA), the cradle of Islam, is the 100% pure Islamic Sharia-based Islamic nation on earth. SA is the glaring example of a true Sharia-based Islamic paradise in today’s world. The holy constitution of SA is the testament of my claim. The constitution of SA is the holy Quran and Sunnah. Below are some “Articles” from SA’s constitution, which will prove 100% that SA is, of course, the most pure Islamic state governed by the Sharia laws (made of Quran and Sunnah).
Saudi Arabia – Constitution
Chapter 1: General Principles
Article 1
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab Islamic state with Islam as its religion; God's Book and the Sunnah of His Prophet, God's prayers and peace be upon him, are its constitution, Arabic is its language and Riyadh is its capital.
Article 7
Government in Saudi Arabia derives power from the Holy Koran and the Prophet's tradition.
Article 6
Citizens are to pay allegiance to the King in accordance with the holy Koran and the tradition of the Prophet, in submission and obedience, in times of ease and difficulty, fortune and adversity.
Article 8 [Government Principles]
Government in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is based on the premise of justice, consultation, and equality in accordance with the Islamic Shari'ah.
Article 17
Property, capital, and labor are essential elements in the Kingdom's economic and social being. They are personal rights which perform a social function in accordance with Islamic Shari'ah.
Article 23 [Islam]
The state protects Islam; it implements its Shari'ah; it orders people to do right and shun evil; it fulfills the duty regarding God's call.
Article 26 [Human Rights]
The state protects human rights in accordance with the Islamic Shari'ah.
Article 45
The source of the deliverance of fatwa in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are God's Book and the Sunnah of His Messenger. The law will define the composition of the senior ulema body, the administration of scientific research, deliverance of fatwa and it's (the body of senior ulema's) functions.
Article 46
The judiciary is an independent authority. There is no control over judges in the dispensation of their judgements except in the case of the Islamic Shari'ah.
Article 48
The courts will apply the rules of the Islamic Shari'ah in the cases that are brought before them, in accordance with what is indicated in the Book and the Sunnah, and statutes decreed by the Ruler which do not contradict the Book or the Sunnah. Readers can read the entire Saudi Arabia’s constitution by clicking here: http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sa00000_.html
Dr. Ahmad for heaven sake please tell us what do you read in the above articles of SA’s constitution? Are not these “Articles” sound to you the testaments of a pure Islamic paradise? Or, give us your references which will support that SA is not an Islamic state! Bring them up! Who you think is the liar here? Oh yes, like most hypocritical Islamists you will say now: “look, SA is headed by a King, and Islam does not allow Kingship blah blah blah!” So, what was the Caliphate and Khalifa meant to you? Islamic Caliphate was pure despotic, totalitarian, dictatorial rulers as the God’s vicegerent having supreme authority which nobody but God has any power to question. Caliphate had even more power than today’s Saudi King. Modern day’s king is much better than those utterly despotic Caliphs of ancient Arabia. Do you think anybody could give a second opinion to the rules of Prophet, or to those four rightly guided Caliphs? Are you kidding? Just read the “Article 5” of Saudi Constitution: King will follow Sharia and keep upright among them is to receive allegiance in accordance with the principles of the Holy Koran and the Tradition of the Venerable Prophet. Dose this “Article” tells how the Kings should rule the country?
For reader’s information, in addition to SA, also Iran, Talibani Afghanistan, Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria (Northern half), are all pure Sharia (despotic rules of draconian laws) based Islamic countries ruled by some Islamic dictators in the fashion of ancient barbaric justice system called Islamic Sharia. All these Islamic Sharia-based paradises practice draconian Sharia laws: chopping hands and feet, beheading, floggings, stoning deaths, honor killings, etc, which they call Allah’s justice. Iran, Pakistan, Talibani Afghanistan, Sudan and Somaila—they all practice Islamic RAZOM (read Stoning death) even in this 21st century. Readers can listen this CNN video news (URL) about floggings of a woman who was gang-rapped because she could not produce 4 male witnesses to prove the case of rape. Saudi woman gets 200 lashes. Please watch these videos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sxn-26-8ork&feature=player_embedded
Also here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRVM10qs_Ts&NR=1
Very recently in Sudan an young woman was brutally flogged publicly by Islamic Sharia justice. Please watch this barbaric Islamic justice in this video:
In some Middle-eastern and African Islamic nations, slavery and sex with slave-girls are practiced even today. Of course, slave-girls are called “house-maids” this days. One can find constitution of those Islamic nations by seeking help from the almighty and omniscient GOOGLE search in the internet discovered by the American kaffirs.
Dr. Ahmad said: “If you are not blind, then look at Muslim countries where women are becoming not only political leaders – they are becoming President, Prime Minister, and Ministers. The country in which you are born, the third largest Muslim country of the World [Bangladesh]”
Dr. Ahmad please tell me (by placing your right hand on your chest) that those women leaders in Bangladesh (BD) are the product of Islamic rule? Is Bangladesh governed by Islamic Sharia laws? Are you kidding? Do you think Islam really support their leadership? Don’t you know Koran (Sura Al-Nur) asked all women to stay quiet inside their home and never should go out alone? So, when you wish—Bangladesh is an Islamic nation, but SA is not? Is it your Islamic honesty Dr. Ahmad? For your information—Bangladesh is the best democratic and secular country among the Muslim nation today. Women status is improving in BD only because of democratic and secular Government and all those women leaders are the product of democracy and secularism. Islamists like Jamaatis goons (your brothers) never like to see any women leaders in BD because Islam does not permit women leadership. Show me some women leaders from SA, Iran, Afghanistan or Sudan where Islamic sharia is the law of the land. Or, show me some educated women leaders or scholars from the period of Islamic Calipates from the ancient Arabia. Islam denigrated women from all sides and that is why in every muslim nations in general and all Islamically ruled (Sharia-based) nations women are considered inferior to men and sometimes less than human. Readers can read some hadiths how much Islam is disrespectful to women in general here:
Dr. Ahmad said: “Again you lied about the age of Ayesha (may Allah bless her). Why you are making Islam responsible for the early marriage of girls?”
Yes, Islam permits and encourages child marriage since 54 year old Prophet of Islam married Ayesha when she was only 6 year old and he slept with this child bride when Ayesha was only 9 year old. Below are some proofs:
Sahih Muslim Book 008, Number 3310:
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) married me when I was six years old, and I was admitted to his house when I was nine years old.
Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 62, Number 65
Narrated 'Aisha:
that the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old. Hisham said: I have been informed that 'Aisha remained with the Prophet for nine years (i.e. till his death)." what you know of the Quran (by heart)'
Sahih Bukhari 7.18
Narrated 'Ursa:
The Prophet asked Abu Bakr for 'Aisha's hand in marriage. Abu Bakr said "But I am your brother." The Prophet said, "You are my brother in Allah's religion and His Book, but she (Aisha) is lawful for me to marry."
Sahih Bukhari 9.140
Narrated 'Aisha:
Allah's Apostle said to me, "You were shown to me twice (in my dream) before I married you. I saw an angel carrying you in a silken piece of cloth, and I said to him, 'Uncover (her),' and behold, it was you. I said (to myself), 'If this is from Allah, then it must happen.' Then you were shown to me, the angel carrying you in a silken piece of cloth, and I said (to him), 'Uncover (her), and behold, it was you. I said (to myself), 'If this is from Allah, then it must happen.' "
Because of the above glaring example left behind by the Prophet, Muslims today love to emulate the Prophetic tradition to please Allah. Iranian constitution consider women’s adulthood when they turn 9 year old. Imam Khomeini sanctioned that every girl be married at 9 and their first period occurs at the husband’s house. Of course, child marriage can be present in some poor non-muslim nations mostly because of economical reason; but muslims are practicing this immoral habit by the license of Prophetic tradition and religion. Same is the case of polygamy in Islam. Iran also practices “Razam” stoning death as the Islamic punishment for adultery.
Dr. Ahmad said: “Nowhere in the mentioned verses it was said that all the girls were used to bury alive. So once again you lied with the meaning of the verses. You also lied about the prophet and his followers of using concubines, slave girls in their harems.”
For hundreds of years Islamic Mullah’s main slogan was: Islam brought light to the Arabia’s Iyyam-e-Jahelia (dark age of Arab) were constantly spewing this lie that Pagan Arabs were burying their all new-born female children. Nobody said how many they buried. Therefore gullible people believed this lie (along with many other mouthful lies) and gave bravo to Islam for saving all female population of Arabia. Now, it is up to you to disprove what I said about this. Killing one or two female child can be found even today’s society in many countries for special reason. So how this sporadic female child killing in Arabia was any big deal? Islamists used this lie to impress people how good Islam was for women! Could you deny this fact?
Now your challenge about sex with slave girls and concubines. Please judge following verses and sahih Hadiths yourself to find the truth:
(QURAN - 33:50): "O Prophet, We have made lawful to you the wives whom you have granted dowries and the captive and slave girls whom God has given you as booty; and the daughters of your ’Amm (paternal uncles) and the daughters of your ’Ammah (paternal aunts) and the daughters of your Khâl (maternal uncles) and the daughters of your Khâlah (maternal aunts) who migrated (from Makkah) with you,…….”
(QURAN - 70:22-30): "Not so the worshippers, who are steadfast in prayer, who set aside a due portion of their wealth for the beggar and for the deprived, who truly believe in the Day of Reckoning and dread the punishment of their Lord (for none is secure from the punishment of their Lord); who restrain their carnal desire except with their wives and the (captives) whom their right hands possess,- for (then) they are not to be blamed.
QURAN - 23:5,6:
"...who restrain their carnal desires except with their wives and slave girls, for these are lawful to them..." Again, Muslim men were allowed to have sexual relations with their wives and slave girls.
QURAN - 4:24:
"And all married women are forbidden unto you save those captives whom your right hand possess. It is a decree of Allah for you. (Muhammad Pickthall's English translation of the Quran).
Also read these verses how Prophet of Islam plundered wealth’s and land from the people in Medina:
Quran-33:26- “And He brought those of the People of the Book [Jewish people of Banu Qurayza] who supported them from their fortresses and cast terror into their hearts, some of them you slew (beheaded) and some you took prisoners (captive)”
Quran-33:27- “And He made you heirs of their lands, their houses, and their goods, and of a land which ye had not frequented (before). And Allah has power over all things.”
Quran-8:67—“It is not fitting for an Apostle that he should have prisoners of war until He thoroughly subdued the land….” (Allah insisting Prophet to kill all the prisoners, and should not keep any surrendered prisoners alive until He (Prophet occupied entire Arabia).”
Quran-8:69—“But (now) enjoy what ye took in war (booty), lawful and good; but fear God…” (Allah encouraging Muslims to accept booty spoils of war “Maal-E-Ganimat”)
These above Quranic verses revealed some unpleasant truths:
The verses: 33:50 ; 70:22-30; 23:5-6 and 4:24 gave permanent and wide license to have sex with salve girls and concubines. The remaining verses are the glaring evidences how Prophet destroyed anybody who did not accept his Islam and widely occupied their lands and wealth, enslaved them like warlords as booty from Allah.
Quranic Tafsir supported Banu Qurayza massacre:
Maulana A. Yousuf Ali stated: “The men of the Quraiza were slain; the women were sold as captives of war (booty); and their lands and properties were distributed or divided among the Muhajirs (Yousuf Ali’s tafsir for Sura Ahzab)”.
Maulana Mufti Muhammad Shafi) writes: “Allah ordered Prophet not to keep any war prisoners until entire land is occupied; because by killing enemy prisoners will crush morals of unvbelievers. Some disciples such as Siddique Akbar (ra) suggested tom keep war prisoners to earn ransoms; but Hazrat Omar ibn Khattab (ra) and Hazrat s’aad ibn muaaz (ra) suggested to kill all able-bodied war prisonesrs (In sura A’nfal (#8): Tafsir by Maulana Mufti Muhammad Shafi).
Hadiths supporting sex with salves girls:
Bukhari vol.3 book 34 (Book of Sales i.e. Bargains) ch.111 no.432 p.237.
"Narrated Abu Sai’id Al-Khudri that while he was sitting with Allah’s Apostle he said, ‘Oh Allah’s Apostle! We get female captives as our share of booty, and we are interested in their prices (selling and buying slaves in open market), what is your opinion about coitus interruptus?’ [a sexual practice] The Prophet said, ‘Do you really do that? It is better for you not to do it, No soul that which Allah has destined to exist, but will surely come into existence."
Bukhari vol.5 book 59 (Book of Military Expeditions) ch.31 no.459 p.317. and also Bukhari vol.8 book 77 (Book of al-Qadr) ch.3 no.600 p.391.
"Narrated Ibn Muhairiz: I entered the Mosque and saw Abu Sa’id Al-Khudri and sat beside him and asked him about Al-’Azl (i.e. coitus interruptus). Abu Sai’id said, ‘We went out with Allah’s Apostle for the Ghazwa [battle] of Banu Al-Mustaliq and we received captives from among the Arab captives and we desired women and celibacy became hard on us and we loved to do coitus interruptus. So when we intended to do coitus interruptus, we said, ‘How can we do coitus interrupts before asking Allah’s Apostle who is present among us?’ We asked (him) about it and he said, ‘It is better for you not to do so, for if any soul till the Day of Resurrection is predestined to exist, it will exist."
Quran and Hadiths support Muslims to have sex with slave girls and Prophet of Islam to had sex with slave girls and concubines (Quran: 33:50) and killed all men and enslaved women and children with war prisoners. Now some evidences that Prophet Muhammad also had sex with slave girls and concubines:
Juwairiya: [Bukhari 3.46.717] also in [sahih Muslim 019. 4292]
Ibn Aun has narrated: “I wrote a letter to Nafi and Nafi wrote in reply to my letter that the Prophet had suddenly attacked Bani Mustaliq without warning while they were heedless and their cattle were being watered at the places of water. Their fighting men were killed and their women and children were taken as captives; the Prophet got Juwairiya on that day. Nafi said that Ibn 'Umar had told him the above narration and that Ibn 'Umar was in that army.”
Juwairiya was one of the captives during the raid of Banu Mustaliq. When all the prisoners were made slaves and distributed among the victorious Muslim soldiers, Juwairiyah fell to the lot of Thabit bin Qais. She was the daughter of Haris, the leader of the clan.
Safiyah [story according to Ibn Ishaq, p. 766]
Safiyah was a beautiful 17 years old Jewish woman who was captured when Muhammad’s troops raided Kheibar. She was the daughter or Huyeiy Ibn Akhtab, the chief of the Banu Nadir, a Jewish tribe of Medina, whom Muhammad had beheaded two years earlier along with the men of Banu Quriaza. The tribe of Banu Nadir had been already banished from Medina and their properties were confiscated.
Safiyah had married to her cousin Kinana, who was a young Jewish leader of Kheibar. When Muhammad raided that fortress, he killed its unarmed men and captured the rest. A Jewish traitor, (reminds me of Noam Chomsky) to gain Muhammad’s favor and be spared from death, told him that Kinana was the treasurer of the town and that he used to hide the money in some ruins. Muhammad ordered Kinana to be tortured to reveal the whereabouts of the treasures and killed him.
Then he asked the prettiest woman from amongst the captives to be brought to him. Ibn Ishaq writes: "The apostle occupied the Jewish forts one after the other, taking prisoners as he went. Among these were Safiya, the wife of Kinana, the Khaibar chief, and two female cousins: [sisters of Kinana] the apostle chose Safiya for himself. The other prisoners were distributed among the Muslims. Bilal brought Safiya to the apostle, and they passed the bodies of several Jews on the way. Safiya's female companions lamented and strewed dust on their heads. When the apostle of Allâh observed this scene, he said, 'Remove these she devils from me.' But he ordered Safiya to remain, and threw his reda [cloak] over her. So the Muslims knew he had reserved her for his own. The apostle reprimanded Bilal, saying, 'Hast thou lost all feelings of mercy, to make women pass by the corpses of their husbands?'”
Safiyah was taken to Muhammad’s tent. Muhammad wanted to have sex with her on that very night, only hours after torturing to death her husband. She resisted his advances. That night Abu Ayyub al-Ansari guarded the tent of Muhammad. When, in the early dawn, Muhammad saw Abu Ayyub strolling up and down, he asked him what he meant by this sentry-go; he replied: "I was afraid for you with this young lady. You had killed her father, her husband and many of her relatives, I was really afraid for you on her account". (Ibn Ishaq, p. 766)
The next day Muhammad covered Safiyah with his mantle, an act signifying that she is now his. Safiyah was groomed and made-up for Muhammad by Umm Sulaim, the mother of Anas ibn Malik and was taken to Muhammad who married her in a mock marriage ceremony and raped her that night. Muslims call this marriage. I call that rape. I am certain not many young women would like to jump into bed with an old man who happens to be the murderer of their father and husband and many other relatives. That poor woman had no choice; therefore that marriage was nothing but a mockery of this sacred institution. At that time Muhammad was close to sixty years old.
Rayhanah:
Another victim of Muhammad was Rayhana, a 15 year old girl from the tribe of Banu Quraiza. Muhammad massacred all the men of that tribe. Then women were brought to him to pick and he chose Rayhana. Rayhana never married Muhammad and unlike Juwairiyah and Safiyah never feigned being a Muslim to have an easier life. She preferred to remain a sex slave rather the wife of the murderer of her father, brothers and uncles. .
Maria the Coptic slave-girl
So, when Muqwaqis, the Christian Ruler of Alexandria presented Muhammad with Mariyah Qibtia (ibn Ishaq, p. 653), a pretty and sexy young girl, Muhammad could not resist himself to engage in sex with her. In fact, he purportedly impregnated her, and she gave birth to Ibrahim, Muhammad's only son who survived for 18 months. The entire Sura Tahrim (Surah: Q. 66:1-5) deals with this issue. The Quran provides certain exemptions to Muhammad. Allah allowed only Muhammad to have unrestricted sex without marriage with his first cousin sisters, and women who willingly surrender her person to him.
Maulana Yusuf Ali (commentary number 3754, p. 1123) writes: "This was revealed in A.H. 7. After that the Prophet did not marry again, except the handmaiden Mary the Copt, who was sent as a present by the Christians Muaqauqas of Egypt. She became the mother of Ibrahim, who died in his infancy."
Affair with Mary in Muhammad’s harem
Volume iv. Ch.26: Narrated by Muhammad ibn Sad-al Tabkat al-Kobra—“One day Prophet (PBUH) asked Hafsa to visit her father Hazrat Umar who had requested a visit of his daughter Hafsa. Hafsa went to pay a visit to her father, Umar, but Umar was not at home. When he (Umar) returns, he asked Hafsa why she had come. Hafsa said it was him (Umar) who asked her to come! Then Umar replied that he never asked for her visit.
At that time, Muhammad was staying at her quarter. Hafsa returned unexpectedly and found Muhmmad sleeping with Mary in her own private room. She was furious and threatened to disclose the secret. Afraid of scandal and to appease her, Muhammad begged her to keep the matter quiet and promised to desert Mary altogether. Hafsa, however, did not bother to keep the promise. She told this secret to Aisha who was equally indignant over the affair. The scandal soon spread over the entire harem. Muhammad developed displeasure for his wives. At this time he received a message from heaven not to separate himself from Mary. Then he chided Hafsa and other wives. He threatened to divorce all them for their insubordination and disloyalty. He then withdrew himself and went into seclusion for a whole month and lived alone with Mary. Umar and Abu Bakr were greatly disturbed at the desertion of their daughters for a menial concubine. They went to Muhammad and pleaded him to come out of his recluse. Gabriel came and told Muhammad about the good qualities of Hafsa and recommended him to take her back. So, Muhammad pardoned them all and returned to their apartments as before. This is referred in verse 66:1-5.
The following Sahi hadith will support the episode described above:
This Sahi Hadis is from Sahih Bukhari : Background to 66.4 and 33:28 --- Muhammad did not see his wives for a month; he slept with Mariyah in the bed of Hafsa while lied to Hafsa that Umar wanted to see Hafsar...3.43.651 . The story of Muhammad having sex with Mariyah in Hafsa'a bed is found in Muir's biography of Muhammad.
All about Prophet’s sex with maria the Coptic slave:
Bukhari, Vol. 8, book-74, No. 257
Bukhari vol.1, book-8, No.395
Bukhari, vol-3, Book-43, No. 648 (slept with maria)
Koranic verses : 33:59, 32, 50;
Why stop sleeping with Maria yourself: 66:1, 2, 5, 3, and 66:19-11, 4:34
“O Prophet! Why do you ban (for yourself) that which Allâh has made lawful to you, seeking to please your wives? And Allâh is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful” (Quran-66:1).
Dr. Ahmad, I hope you got enough now to understand who actually lied about Islam! I have given you enough references to substantiate my claim and if you need more I can give more, since references for these immoral life style of ancient Islamists are staggering in the Koran and Hdiths books. By the way, all these verses and hadiths are pure (verbatim) and nothing has been made-up by anybody but Allah and Prophet of Islam. If you have references to counter my arguments then bring them up!
In your credential I learned that you were dean of the faculty of science! I wonder what is your disciple of science. A scientist can not be so blind with some folklore stories of religion Islam. Since you are a scientist, do you believe in the Darwin’s Evolution too?
Besides, you claimed you had the profession of teacher—a noble profession. Did your student answer your questions in the exam same manner like you did, so crazily and irrelevantly?
You are asking me to stay away from NFB, as if, it is your father’s property! NFB is a public forum in which anybody can post his write-ups and it is absolutely by the discretion of the authority of NFB. Why don’t you post your article in FFI, IW, or IM or MM sites? Please send your article to them and I am 100% sure that they will gladly post your articles there. Of course, you shall have to be ready for dissecting your articles wildly by the Islamic critics there. Because, all your claims of Islamic goodies will be only your lip-service, full of lies and imaginary with no proofs whatsoever.
Let me ask you my final questions. Why can’t you bring just one example of any Islamic state (Past and present) where you are able to show anything good about Islamic governance and justice? Could you tell me why out of four so called rightly guided Islamic Caliphs—three of them were brutally assassinated? What was the source of income of those ancient Islamic Caliphs, (other than invading the neighboring Arab tribes, plundering, pillaging, killings all males and enslaving women and children) other than looting other tribes and taking war booties (Male-Gani-maat) from the defeated tribes? I invite you to prove that—Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sudan and Talibani Afghanistan and Part of Somalia are not the glaring examples of ancient Islamic paradise of Arabia. Come on, give us your points on why SA and Iran are not true Islamic states in this modern world.
References
- Holy Koran, Sahih Hadiths and Islamic histories available in the present day world.
- Saudi Arabia’s constitution: http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/sa00000_.html
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